A shoulder dislocation is a common but painful injury where the upper arm bone (humerus) pops out of the cup-shaped socket (glenoid) in the shoulder blade. The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body, which makes it vulnerable to dislocations—especially during falls, sports injuries, or accidents. Understanding how to recognize, respond to, and treat a dislocated shoulder can significantly improve recovery outcomes.
What is a Shoulder Dislocation?
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the head of the humerus slips out of the glenoid socket. It can be:
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Anterior dislocation – the most common type, where the bone slips forward.
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Posterior dislocation – less common, usually caused by seizures or electrical shocks.
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Inferior dislocation – rarest type, where the humerus moves downward.
This injury can involve stretching or tearing of the shoulder ligaments, rotator cuff muscles, and in severe cases, may also cause damage to nearby nerves and blood vessels. When the injury is serious, it’s crucial to consult a shoulder specialist near you for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocation
Common signs of a dislocated shoulder include:
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Intense shoulder pain
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Swelling and bruising
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Visible deformity or the shoulder appearing “out of place”
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Limited range of motion
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Numbness or tingling in the arm, hand, or fingers (due to nerve compression)
First Aid for a Dislocated Shoulder
Immediate care is crucial to prevent further damage. Here’s what you should do:
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Do not try to pop it back in yourself – this can cause more injury.
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Immobilize the shoulder using a sling or bandage.
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Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and pain.
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Keep the person calm and still until medical help arrives.
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Seek emergency medical attention – especially if there is numbness, discoloration, or signs of circulation loss.
Diagnosis of Shoulder Dislocation
A Shoulder Specialist will provide:
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Perform a physical examination to assess joint stability and nerve function.
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Order X-rays to confirm the dislocation and rule out fractures.
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In some cases, an MRI scan is needed to evaluate soft tissue injuries such as labral tears or rotator cuff damage.
Treatment Options for Shoulder Dislocation
1. Closed Reduction
This is a non-surgical procedure where the doctor gently maneuvers the humerus back into the socket. Pain relievers or muscle relaxants are often given prior.
2. Immobilization
After reduction, the arm is typically placed in a sling or shoulder immobilizer for 2–3 weeks to allow healing.
3. Medications
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NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) help reduce pain and inflammation.
4. Physical Therapy
Rehabilitation is key to restoring strength, mobility, and stability. Physiotherapy focuses on:
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Strengthening rotator cuff muscles
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Improving range of motion
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Preventing recurrence
5. Surgical Intervention
Surgery may be required if:
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There is recurrent shoulder dislocation
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There are torn ligaments or tendons
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There’s a fracture or nerve damage
Common procedures include arthroscopic shoulder surgery or labrum repair. However, it’s important to choose your orthopedic surgeon wisely—preferably someone with expertise in advanced shoulder and minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgical techniques to ensure the best possible outcome.
Prevention Tips
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Strengthen shoulder and upper back muscles
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Warm up before physical activities
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Avoid risky movements in contact sports
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Follow through with prescribed rehab exercises
Conclusion
A dislocated shoulder is a serious injury that requires prompt and proper treatment to prevent long-term damage. Early diagnosis, appropriate first aid, and guided rehabilitation play a crucial role in full recovery. If you or a loved one experiences symptoms of shoulder dislocation, consult a qualified orthopedic specialist.
Dr. Umesh Jadhav, a highly respected orthopedic surgeon and shoulder specialist based in Nigdi, PCMC, offers expert evaluation and advanced treatment for shoulder injuries, helping patients recover fully and return to their daily activities with confidence.